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![]() Map of inferred original wild ranges of the main Citrus cultivars, and selected relevant wild taxa The species resulting from this event include the citrons ( Citrus medica) of South Asia the pomelos ( C. maxima) of Mainland Southeast Asia the mandarins ( C. reticulata), kumquats ( C. japonica), mangshanyegan ( C. mangshanensis), and ichang papedas ( C. cavaleriei) of southeastern China the kaffir limes ( C. hystrix) of Island Southeast Asia and the biasong and samuyao ( C. micrantha) of the Philippines. A change in climate conditions during the Late Miocene (11.63 to 5.33 mya) resulted in a sudden speciation event. It diverged from a common ancestor with Poncirus trifoliata. (2018) has shown that the center of origin of the genus Citrus is likely the southeast foothills of the Himalayas, in a region stretching from eastern Assam, northern Myanmar, to western Yunnan. A genomic, phylogenic, and biogeographical analysis by Wu et al. Domestication of citrus species involved much hybridization and introgression, leaving much uncertainty about when and where domestication first happened. History Ĭitrus plants are native to subtropical and tropical regions of Asia, Island Southeast Asia, Near Oceania, and northeastern Australia. 1200 BCE) via the incense trade route, and onwards to Europe and the Americas. ![]() 3000–1500 BCE) and to the Middle East and the Mediterranean (c. From there its cultivation spread into Micronesia and Polynesia by the Austronesian expansion (c. Various citrus species have been used and domesticated by indigenous cultures in these areas since ancient times. The genus Citrus is native to South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Melanesia, and Australia. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and limes. ×Citrofortunella J.W.Ingram & H.E.MooreĬitrus is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae ( / r uː ˈ t eɪ s i ˌ aɪ/).See also below for other species and hybrids. Sweet orange ( Citrus × sinensis cultivar)
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